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Case Study

Indonesia – Hospital-based TB screening using CAD4TB

A health worker reviewing a CAD4TB chest X-ray result on a laptop during a community TB screening session in Balikpapan, Indonesia. Photo credit: Antara.

In Indonesia, limited access to expert radiologists contributes to missed tuberculosis diagnoses, even within hospital settings. CAD4TB-assisted interpretation of chest X-rays may support clinical decision-making and improve TB detection.

National tertiary hospital

An analysis of adult chest radiographs from a national tertiary hospital was conducted.

Using CAD4TB

Images were interpreted using CAD4TB and independently reviewed by experienced radiologists, with bacteriological testing used as the reference standard.

Result
  • At a defined CAD4TB threshold, the system achieved sensitivity above 80% with moderate specificity.
  • Diagnostic performance was comparable to radiologist readings, with consistent specificity advantages across several clinical subgroups.
A health worker reviewing a CAD4TB chest X-ray result on a laptop during a community TB screening session in Balikpapan, Indonesia. Photo credit: Antara.
Conclusion
  • CAD4TB can effectively support radiologists in hospital-based TB screening, even in high-burden settings with high case complexity.
  • Its integration into clinical workflows may imporve efficiency and consistency of TB triage.

REFERENCE: Burhand E. et al. (2025). Pulmonary tuberculosis prediction using CAD4TB artificial intelligence among Indonesia hospital patients. medRxiv preprint.